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---
title: Japan_Tech_Team_List
---
::: mw-parser-output
This is a list of tech teams for [Japan](/wiki/Japan "Japan") as of HoI
2 version 1.1. The specialty abbreviations are listed at the bottom of
this document.
--------- ------------------------- ------------ ------- ------------ ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Team \# Team Name Picture \# Skill Start Year End Year Specialties
1900 Aichi T1900 7 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Aeronautics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Aeronautics.png "AER"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/dd/Electronics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Electronics.png "ELE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/9/9d/Technical_efficiency.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Technical_efficiency.png "TEC"){.image}
1901 Hino Automobile T1901 5 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Mechanics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Mechanics.png "MCH"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/d8/Artillery.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Artillery.png "ART"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/dd/Electronics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Electronics.png "ELE"){.image}
1902 Kawasaki Heavy Industry T1902 8 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/0/09/Naval_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Naval_engineering.png "NVE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/7/79/Industrial_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Industrial_engineering.png "IND"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Aeronautics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Aeronautics.png "AER"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Mechanics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Mechanics.png "MCH"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/c/c7/Management.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Management.png "MGT"){.image}
1903 Kure Naval Yard T1903 7 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/0/09/Naval_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Naval_engineering.png "NVE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/dd/Electronics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Electronics.png "ELE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/e/ea/Naval_artillery.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Naval_artillery.png "NVA"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/9/9d/Technical_efficiency.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Technical_efficiency.png "TEC"){.image}
1904 Mitsubishi Hikoki T1904 7 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Aeronautics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Aeronautics.png "AER"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/19/Chemistry.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Chemistry.png "CHE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/9/9d/Technical_efficiency.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Technical_efficiency.png "TEC"){.image}
1905 Mitsubishi Jukogyo T1905 6 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/7/79/Industrial_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Industrial_engineering.png "IND"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/20/General_equipment.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:General_equipment.png "EQP"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/c/c7/Management.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Management.png "MGT"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Mechanics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Mechanics.png "MCH"){.image}
1906 Mitsubishi Zousensho T1906 7 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/0/09/Naval_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Naval_engineering.png "NVE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/e/ea/Naval_artillery.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Naval_artillery.png "NVA"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/9/9d/Technical_efficiency.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Technical_efficiency.png "TEC"){.image}
1907 Mitsui T1907 7 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/dd/Electronics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Electronics.png "ELE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/19/Chemistry.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Chemistry.png "CHE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/20/General_equipment.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:General_equipment.png "EQP"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/7/79/Industrial_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Industrial_engineering.png "IND"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/0/09/Naval_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Naval_engineering.png "NVE"){.image}
1908 Nakajima T1908 7 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Aeronautics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Aeronautics.png "AER"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/9/9d/Technical_efficiency.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Technical_efficiency.png "TEC"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/d8/Artillery.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Artillery.png "ART"){.image}
1909 Nissan T1909 6 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/dd/Electronics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Electronics.png "ELE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/19/Chemistry.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Chemistry.png "CHE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Mechanics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Mechanics.png "MCH"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/b/b1/Training.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Training.png "TRA"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/9/9d/Technical_efficiency.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Technical_efficiency.png "TEC"){.image}
1910 Sumimoto T1910 6 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/dd/Electronics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Electronics.png "ELE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/19/Chemistry.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Chemistry.png "CHE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/20/General_equipment.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:General_equipment.png "EQP"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/7/79/Industrial_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Industrial_engineering.png "IND"){.image}
1911 Teiji Takagi T1911 6 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/7/79/Mathematics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Mathematics.png "MTH"){.image}
1912 Tokyo Arsenal T1912 6 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/dd/Electronics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Electronics.png "ELE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/d8/Artillery.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Artillery.png "ART"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/b/b1/Training.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Training.png "TRA"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/20/General_equipment.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:General_equipment.png "EQP"){.image}
1913 Yoshio Nishina T1913 4 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Nuclear_physics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Nuclear_physics.png "PHY"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/7/79/Mathematics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Mathematics.png "MTH"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/19/Chemistry.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Chemistry.png "CHE"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/0/05/Nuclear_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Nuclear_engineering.png "NUC"){.image}
1914 Hideki Tojo T1914 5 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/1d/Large_unit_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Large_unit_tactics.png "LGT"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/3/38/Individual_courage.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Individual_courage.png "CRG"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/b/bc/Centralized_execution.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Centralized_execution.png "CEX"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/8/87/Aircraft_testing.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Aircraft_testing.png "AIR"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/26/Bomber_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Bomber_tactics.png "BOM"){.image}
1915 Hisaichi Terauchi T1915 6 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/1d/Large_unit_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Large_unit_tactics.png "LGT"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/f/f8/Combined_arms_focus.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Combined_arms_focus.png "CAF"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/b/b1/Training.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Training.png "TRA"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/3/38/Individual_courage.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Individual_courage.png "CRG"){.image}
1916 Isoruko Yamamoto T1916 9 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/e/e7/Large_taskforce_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Large_taskforce_tactics.png "LTF"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/b/bc/Centralized_execution.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Centralized_execution.png "CEX"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/e/e9/Carrier_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Carrier_tactics.png "CAR"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/10/Naval_training.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Naval_training.png "NVT"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/22/Seamanship.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Seamanship.png "SEA"){.image}
1917 Osami Nagano T1917 4 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/10/Naval_training.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Naval_training.png "NVT"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/e/e7/Large_taskforce_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Large_taskforce_tactics.png "LTF"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/b/bc/Centralized_execution.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Centralized_execution.png "CEX"){.image}
1918 Shunroku Hata T1918 6 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/26/Bomber_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Bomber_tactics.png "BOM"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/b/bc/Centralized_execution.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Centralized_execution.png "CEX"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/6/6b/Piloting.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Piloting.png "PIL"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/8/87/Aircraft_testing.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Aircraft_testing.png "AIR"){.image}
1919 Tomoyoki Yamashita T1919 7 1930 1970 [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/2f/Small_unit_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Small_unit_tactics.png "SMT"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/b/bc/Centralized_execution.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Centralized_execution.png "CEX"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/f/f8/Combined_arms_focus.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Combined_arms_focus.png "CAF"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/8/87/Aircraft_testing.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Aircraft_testing.png "AIR"){.image} [{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/26/Bomber_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Bomber_tactics.png "BOM"){.image}
--------- ------------------------- ------------ ------- ------------ ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: JAP - Japan
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
ICON SPECIALTY
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Aeronautics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Aeronautics.png "AER"){.image} aeronautics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/8/87/Aircraft_testing.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Aircraft_testing.png "AIR"){.image} aircraft_testing
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/d8/Artillery.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Artillery.png "ART"){.image} artillery
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/26/Bomber_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Bomber_tactics.png "BOM"){.image} bomber_tactics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/f/f8/Combined_arms_focus.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Combined_arms_focus.png "CAF"){.image} combined_arms_focus
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/e/e9/Carrier_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Carrier_tactics.png "CAR"){.image} carrier_tactics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/b/bc/Centralized_execution.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Centralized_execution.png "CEX"){.image} centralized_execution
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/19/Chemistry.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Chemistry.png "CHE"){.image} chemistry
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/3/38/Individual_courage.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Individual_courage.png "CRG"){.image} individual_courage
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/0/0d/Decentralized_execution.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Decentralized_execution.png "DEX"){.image} decentralized_execution
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/d/dd/Electronics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Electronics.png "ELE"){.image} electronics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/20/General_equipment.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:General_equipment.png "EQP"){.image} general_equipment
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/8/8a/Fighter_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Fighter_tactics.png "FTR"){.image} fighter_tactics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/7/79/Industrial_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Industrial_engineering.png "IND"){.image} industrial_engineering
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/b/be/Infantry_focus.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Infantry_focus.png "INF"){.image} infantry_focus
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/1d/Large_unit_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Large_unit_tactics.png "LGT"){.image} large_unit_tactics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/e/e7/Large_taskforce_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Large_taskforce_tactics.png "LTF"){.image} large_taskforce_tactics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Mechanics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Mechanics.png "MCH"){.image} mechanics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/c/c7/Management.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Management.png "MGT"){.image} management
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/7/79/Mathematics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Mathematics.png "MTH"){.image} mathematics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/0/05/Nuclear_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Nuclear_engineering.png "NUC"){.image} nuclear_engineering
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/e/ea/Naval_artillery.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Naval_artillery.png "NVA"){.image} naval_artillery
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/0/09/Naval_engineering.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Naval_engineering.png "NVE"){.image} naval_engineering
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/1/10/Naval_training.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Naval_training.png "NVT"){.image} naval_training
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/a/a1/Nuclear_physics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Nuclear_physics.png "PHY"){.image} nuclear_physics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/6/6b/Piloting.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Piloting.png "PIL"){.image} piloting
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/5/51/Rocketry.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Rocketry.png "RKT"){.image} rocketry
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/22/Seamanship.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Seamanship.png "SEA"){.image} seamanship
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/2/2f/Small_unit_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Small_unit_tactics.png "SMT"){.image} small_unit_tactics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/4/48/Small_taskforce_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Small_taskforce_tactics.png "STF"){.image} small_taskforce_tactics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/6/61/Submarine_tactics.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Submarine_tactics.png "SUB"){.image} submarine_tactics
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/9/9d/Technical_efficiency.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Technical_efficiency.png "TEC"){.image} technical_efficiency
[{file-height="24" file-width="24" url="/images/b/b1/Training.png" decoding="async" height="24" loading="lazy" width="24"}](/wiki/File:Training.png "TRA"){.image} training
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------
: Specialty Key
:::